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AI/참고/trafilatura-master/tests/eval/healthline.com.fat.html
LASTA_DEV01\lasta 2e9204243d 참고소스 수정본
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<title>The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-measure-body-fat"/><meta name="description" content="Focusing on body fat percentage instead of weight is much more useful to track fat loss progress. Here are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage."/><meta name="k1" content="otherweightrelated"/><meta name="k2" content="weightmanagement"/><meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOODP"/><meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-732x549-thumbnail-732x549.jpg"/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="otherweightrelated,weightmanagement"/><meta name="article:published_time" content="2018-04-29T07:00:00.000Z"/><meta name="article:author" content="Grant Tinsley, PhD"/><meta property="og:title" content="The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage"/><meta property="og:description" content="Focusing on body fat percentage instead of weight is much more useful to track fat loss progress. Here are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage."/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-measure-body-fat"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Focusing on body fat percentage instead of weight is much more useful to track fat loss progress. Here are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage."/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-732x549-thumbnail-732x549.jpg"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Healthline"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@healthline"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@healthline"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1529595680591919"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1200x628-fb-1200x628.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="628"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="732"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="549"/>
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css-d2znx6 undefined"><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2 class="css-13i30ag"><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_1"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a></a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_1"><p>It can be frustrating to step on the scale and see no change.</p><p>While it’s natural to want objective feedback on your progress, body weight shouldn’t be your main focus.</p><p>Some “overweight” people are healthy, while others with “normal weight” are unhealthy.</p><p>However, your body fat percentage tells you what your weight is comprised of.</p><p>Specifically, it tells you the percent of your total body weight that is fat. The lower your body fat percentage, the higher percentage of <a href="/nutrition/26-muscle-building-foods" class="content-link css-5r4717">lean muscle mass</a> you have on your frame.</p><p>Here are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage.</p><div><figure class="css-yhe8zq"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-mjp0j9"><picture class="css-16pk1is"><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 1190px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 990px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1845 879w" media="(min-width: 768px)"/><img src="//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1155&h=1528" class="css-1lwg88w"/></picture></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-18moxll"><a class="icon-hl-pinterest css-1fquaub" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fnutrition%2Fways-to-measure-body-fat&media=https%3A%2F%2Fimages-prod.healthline.com%2Fhlcmsresource%2Fimages%2FAN_images%2Fways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg&description=The%2010%20Best%20Ways%20to%20Measure%20Your%20Body%20Fat%20Percentage" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg" data-event="|Sharebar more|Pinterest"><span class="css-8yl26h">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span></figure></div></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline0__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline0" data-ad="true" class="css-12zon3z"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_2"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>1. Skinfold Calipers</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_2"><p>Skinfold measurements have been used to estimate body fat for over 50 years (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13321517" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">1</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>Skinfold calipers measure the thickness of your subcutaneous fat — the fat underneath the skin — at certain body locations.</p><p>Measurements are taken at either 3 or 7 different sites on the body. The specific sites used vary in men and women.</p><p>For women, the triceps, area above the hip bone and either the thigh or abdomen are used for the 3-site measurement (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012036403" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">2</a>).</p><p>For a 7-site measurement in women, the chest, area near the armpit and area beneath the shoulder blade are also measured.</p><p>For men, the 3 sites are the chest, <a href="/nutrition/20-tips-to-lose-belly-fat" class="content-link css-5r4717">abdomen</a> and thigh, or the chest, triceps and area beneath the scapula (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012036403" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">2</a>).</p><p>For a 7-site measurement in men, the areas near the armpit and beneath the shoulder blade are also measured.</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> Skinfold calipers are very affordable, and measurements can be taken quickly. They can be used at home but are also portable.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> The method requires practice and basic anatomy knowledge. Also, some people don’t enjoy getting their fat pinched.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> Calipers are affordable and easy to purchase online.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> The skill of the person performing the skinfolds can vary, impacting the accuracy. Measurement errors can range from 3.5–5% body fat (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is an example of a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilkwxlt_TA8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">7-site skinfold assessment</a>.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> Estimating body fat percentage with skinfold calipers is affordable and relatively simple once you know how to do it. However, the accuracy depends on the skill of the person performing the assessment.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_3"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>2. Body Circumference Measurements</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_3"><p>Body shape varies from person to person, and the shape of your body provides information about your body fat (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519954" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">4</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>Measuring the circumference of certain body parts is a simple method of body fat estimation.</p><p>For example, the US Army uses a body fat calculation that simply requires an individual’s age, height and a few circumference measurements.</p><p>For men, the circumferences of the neck and waist are used in this equation. For women, the circumference of the hips is also included (<a href="https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/r2/policydocs/r600_9.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">5</a>).</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> This method is easy and affordable. A flexible measuring tape and calculator are all you need. These tools can be used at home and are portable.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> Body circumference equations may not be accurate for all people due to differences in body shape and fat distribution.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> A flexible measuring tape is easily available and very affordable.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> The accuracy can vary widely based on your similarity to the people used to develop the equations. The error rate can be as low as 2.5–4.5% body fat, but it can also be much higher (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video</strong>: Here is a <a href="https://youtu.be/BZcgppBXBlU?t=18" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> showing examples of girth measurements.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> Using body circumferences to estimate body fat is quick and easy. However, the accuracy of this method can vary widely and is not considered an ideal method of measuring body fat percentage.</p></blockquote></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline1" data-ad="true" class="css-viwnne"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_4"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>3. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_4"><p>As the name implies, DXA uses X-rays of two different energies to estimate your body fat percentage (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24090645" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">6</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>During a DXA scan, you lie on your back for approximately 10 minutes while an X-ray scans over you.</p><p>The amount of radiation from a DXA scan is very low. It’s about the same amount you receive during three hours of your normal life (<a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=safety-xray" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">7</a>).</p><p>DXA is also used to assess bone density and provides detailed information about the bone, lean mass and fat in separate body regions (arms, legs and torso) (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643968" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">8</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> This method provides accurate and detailed information, including a breakdown of different body regions and bone density readings.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> DXAs are often unavailable to the general public, expensive when available and deliver a very small amount of radiation.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> A DXA is typically only available in medical or research settings.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> A DXA provides more consistent results than some other methods. The error rate ranges from 2.5–3.5% body fat (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrpHNN6JypQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> showing how DXA works.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> DXA is more accurate than many other methods of assessing body fat percentage. However, it’s often unavailable to the general population, fairly expensive and not feasible for regular testing.</p></blockquote></div><div id="hl-incontent-video-ad" data-adbridg-ad-class="hl-incontent" class="css-1sxbpyw"></div><div id="div-gpt-ad-out-of-page" class="css-1h5aco8"></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_5"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>4. Hydrostatic Weighing</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_5"><p>This method, also known as underwater weighing or hydrodensitometry, estimates your body composition based on its density (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719905" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">9</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>This technique weighs you while submerged under water after exhaling as much air as possible from your lungs.</p><p>You are also weighed while you are on dry land, and the amount of air left in your lungs after you exhale is estimated or measured.</p><p>All of this information is entered into equations to determine the density of your body. Your body’s density is then used to predict your body fat percentage.</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> It’s accurate and relatively quick.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> It’s difficult or impossible for some individuals to be fully submerged under water. The method requires breathing out as much air as possible, then holding your breath underwater.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> Hydrostatic weighing is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> When testing is performed perfectly, the error of this device can be as low as 2% body fat (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>, <a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004026523" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">10</a>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is an example of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPSEXhKBnQM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">how hydrostatic weighing is performed</a>.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> Hydrostatic weighing is an accurate way to assess your body fat. However, it’s only available at certain facilities and involves holding your breath while being completely submerged in water.</p></blockquote></div><div class="swoopContainer"><div id="swoopAd"></div></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2" data-ad="true" class="css-12zon3z"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_6"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>5. Air Displacement Plethysmography (Bod Pod)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_6"><p>Similar to hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography (ADP) estimates your body fat percentage based on the density of your body (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719905" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">9</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>However, ADP uses air instead of water. The relationship between the volume and pressure of air allows this device to predict the density of your body (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614327" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">11</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>You sit inside an egg-shaped chamber for several minutes while the pressure of the air inside the chamber is altered.</p><p>To obtain accurate measurements, you need to wear skin-tight clothing or a bathing suit during testing.</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> The method is accurate and relatively quick, and it does not require being submerged in water.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> ADP has limited availability and can be expensive.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> ADP is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> The accuracy is very good, with an error rate of 2–4% body fat (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video</strong>: This <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJD7BsP6AIs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> shows a Bod Pod assessment.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> The Bod Pod is the main ADP device currently used. It predicts your body fat with air rather than water. It has good accuracy, but it’s typically only available at certain medical, research or fitness facilities.</p></blockquote></div><div class="css-1cg0byz"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-az6x7v"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline3__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline3" data-ad="true" class="css-eykv1o"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_7"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>6. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_7"><p>BIA devices detect how your body responds to small electrical currents. This is done by placing electrodes on your skin.</p><p>Some electrodes send currents into your body, while others receive the signal after it has passed through your body tissues.</p><p>Electrical currents move through muscle easier than fat due to the higher water content of muscle (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380917" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">12</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>The BIA device automatically enters your body’s response to the electrical currents into an equation that predicts your <a href="/nutrition/improve-body-composition" class="content-link css-5r4717">body composition</a>.</p><p>There are many different BIA devices that vary widely in cost, complexity and accuracy.</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> BIA is quick and easy, and many devices can be purchased by consumers.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> The accuracy varies widely and can be greatly affected by food and fluid intake.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> While many units are available to consumers, these are often less accurate than the expensive devices used in medical or research settings.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> Accuracy varies, with an error rate that ranges from 3.8–5% body fat but may be higher or lower depending on the device used (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>, <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299866" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">13</a></hl-trusted-source>).</li><li><strong>Instructional videos:</strong> Here are examples of inexpensive BIA devices with <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=We69x9KAdm8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">hand electrodes</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3bKd97sQIA" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">foot electrodes</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEofxCIQ7gM" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">hand and foot electrodes</a>. Here is an example of a more <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTGHXxEEbnY" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">advanced BIA device</a>.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> BIA devices work by sending small electrical currents through your body to see how easily they travel through your tissues. Many different devices are available, although advanced devices produce more accurate results.</p></blockquote></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline4__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline4" data-ad="true" class="css-12zon3z"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_8"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>7. Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_8"><p>BIS is similar to BIA in that both methods measure the body’s response to small electrical currents. BIS and BIA devices look similar but use different technology.</p><p>BIS uses a much larger number of electrical currents than BIA, in addition to high and low frequencies, to mathematically predict your amount of body fluid (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572833" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">14</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>BIS also analyzes the information differently, and some researchers believe that BIS is more accurate than BIA (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572833" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">14</a></hl-trusted-source>, <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">15</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>However, similar to BIA, BIS uses the body fluid information it gathers to predict your body composition based on equations (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">15</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>The accuracy of both of these methods depends on how similar you are to the people for whom these equations were developed (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380917" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">12</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> BIS is quick and easy.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> Unlike BIA, consumer-grade BIS devices are not currently available.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> BIS is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> BIS is more accurate than consumer-grade BIA devices but has a similar error rate to more advanced BIA models (3–5% fat) (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>, <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258622" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">16</a></hl-trusted-source>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is a <a href="https://vimeo.com/246287711" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> that describes the differences between BIA and BIS.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> Similar to BIA, BIS measures your body’s response to small electrical currents. However, BIS uses more electrical currents and processes the information differently. It’s fairly accurate but mostly used in medical and research settings.</p></blockquote></div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1ivv8yj"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="ina" data-adbridg-ad-class="undefined" data-ad="true" class="css-bviy42"></div></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_9"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>8. Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_9"><p>Electrical impedance myography is a third method that measures your body’s response to small electrical currents.</p><p>However, while BIA and BIS send currents through your whole body, EIM sends currents through smaller regions of your body (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">17</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>Recently, this technology has been used in inexpensive devices that are available to consumers.</p><p>These devices are placed on different parts of the body to estimate the body fat of those specific areas (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">17</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>Because this device is placed directly on specific body regions, it has some similarities to skinfold calipers, although the technologies are very different.</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> EIM is relatively quick and easy.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> Very little information is available about the accuracy of these devices.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> Cheap devices are available to the general public.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> Limited information is available, although one study reported 2.5–3% error relative to DXA (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">17</a></hl-trusted-source>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XALLpwKwWTI" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> showing how to use an inexpensive, portable EIM device.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> EIM injects electrical currents into small body regions. Portable devices are placed directly on different body parts to estimate the body fat percentage at those locations. More research is needed to establish the accuracy of this method.</p></blockquote></div><div class="css-umsscj"><aside class="css-0"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-10gx9pb"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline5__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline5" data-ad="true" class="css-12zon3z"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_10"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>9. 3-D Body Scanners</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_10"><p>3D body scanners use infrared sensors to get a detailed look at the shape of your body (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329614" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">18</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>The sensors generate a 3-D model of your body.</p><p>For some devices, you stand on a rotating platform for several minutes while the sensors detect your body shape. Other devices use sensors that rotate around your body.</p><p>The scanner’s equations then estimate your body fat percentage based on your body shape (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552454" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">19</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>In this way, 3-D body scanners are similar to circumference measurements. However, a greater amount of information is provided by a 3-D scanner (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29288245" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">20</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> A 3-D body scan is relatively quick and easy.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> 3-D body scanners are not commonly available but gaining popularity.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> Several consumer-grade devices are available, but they’re not as affordable as simple circumference-measurement methods like skinfold calipers.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> Limited information is available, but some 3-D scanners may be fairly accurate with errors of around 4% body fat (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329614" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">18</a></hl-trusted-source>).</li><li><strong>Instructional video:</strong> Here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asYqxE7hb0s" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">video</a> showing how a 3-D body scanner works.</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> 3-D scanners are a relatively new method of assessing body fat percentage. The method uses information about your body shape to predict your body fat percentage. More information is needed about the accuracy of these methods.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_11"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>10. Multi-Compartment Models (the Gold Standard)</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_11"><p>Multi-compartment models are considered to be the most accurate method of body composition assessment (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>, <a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004026523" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">10</a>).</p><p>These models split the body into three or more parts. The most common assessments are called 3-compartment and 4-compartment models.</p><p>These models require multiple tests to get estimates of body mass, body volume, body water and bone content (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399267" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">21</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><p>This information is obtained from some of the methods already discussed in this article.</p><p>For example, hydrostatic weighing or ADP can provide body volume, BIS or BIA can provide body water and DXA can measure bone content.</p><p>Information from each of these methods is combined to build a more complete picture of the body and obtain the most accurate body fat percentage (<hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399267" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">21</a></hl-trusted-source>, <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825351" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">22</a></hl-trusted-source>).</p><ul class="hl-long-line"><li><strong>Advantages:</strong> This is the most accurate method available.</li><li><strong>Disadvantages:</strong> It’s often unavailable to the general public and requires multiple different assessments. It’s more complex than most other methods.</li><li><strong>Availability:</strong> Multi-compartment modeling is typically only available in select medical and research facilities.</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> This is the best method in terms of accuracy. Error rates can be under 1% body fat. These models are the true “gold standard” that other methods should be compared to (<a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-5r4717">3</a>).</li></ul><blockquote class="css-pc7ote"><strong>Summary</strong><p> Multi-compartment models are very accurate and considered the “gold standard” for body fat assessment. However, they involve multiple tests and are not typically available to the general public.</p></blockquote></div></div><div class="css-0"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><h2><div><a name="TOC_TITLE_HDR_12"><a class="css-5r4717" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" name=""></a>Which Method Is Best for You?</a></div></h2><div class="content_body" id="TOC_TITLE_12"><p>Deciding which method of assessing body fat percentage is best for you isn’t easy.</p><p>Here are several questions that may help you decide:</p><ul><li>What’s the purpose of assessing your body fat percentage?</li><li>How important is high accuracy?</li><li>How often do you want to test your body fat percentage?</li><li>Do you want a method you can perform at home?</li><li>How important is price?</li></ul><p>Some methods, such as skinfold measurements, circumference calculations and portable BIA devices, are inexpensive and allow you to be measured in your own home as frequently as you like. The devices can also be purchased online easily, such as on Amazon.</p><p>Even though these methods don’t have the highest accuracy, they may be the best choice for you.</p><p>Most of the methods with highest accuracies are not available to use in your own home. What’s more, when they are available at a testing facility, they may be expensive.</p><p>If you want a more accurate assessment and are willing to pay for it, you could pursue a method with good accuracy like hydrostatic weighing, ADP or DXA.</p><p>Whichever method you use, it’s important to use the same method consistently.</p><p>For almost all methods, it’s best to perform your measurements in the morning after an overnight fast, after you go to the bathroom and before you eat anything or begin your daily activities.</p><p>Ideally, you should do the test before you have anything to drink, especially for methods that rely on electrical signals like BIA, BIS and EIM.</p><p>Assessing yourself the same way each time will reduce error rates and make it easier to tell if you are making progress.</p><p>However, you should always interpret your results from any method with caution. Even the best methods are not perfect and only give you an estimate of your true body fat.</p></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></article></div></div><section class="css-11iztoc"><div class="css-1eq4juu"><div class="css-npv6dx"><section class="css-lizeih"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1y0p5vg"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/grant-tinsley.jpg?w=105&amp;h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span>Written by <a class="css-zocu4s" href="/nutrition-team">Grant Tinsley, PhD</a></span><span> on April 29, 2018</span></div></section></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div data-empty="true" class="css-1y1s420"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="DMR1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="DMR1" data-ad="true" class="css-1i2icgm"></div></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-1geekmd"><h2 class="css-11kr1sc">related stories</h2><ul class="css-17mrx6g"><li class="css-qt919d"><a 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</script><script async="" type="application/deferred" src="//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"></script><script>module={};__NEXT_DATA__={"buildId":"44c7b07c-4bed-4f69-9efa-448edd9a93da","props":{"ga":{"k1":"otherweightrelated","k2":"weightmanagement","contentType":"Tabbed Article","author":"Grant Tinsley, Ph.D.","sponsoredProgramId":"","articleId":"wp-658590","mainContentCategoryTags":"","publishedDate":"2018-04-29","updatedDate":"2018-04-29","category":"Uncategorized","subcategory":"","trackingTerms":""},"lang":"en","data":{"id":"wp-658590","title":["The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage"],"isFeature":false,"pinterestImage":{"path":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-732x549-thumbnail.jpg"},"publishSource":"wordpress","isAmpSupported":false,"categories":[{"name":"Uncategorized","slug":"uncategorized","link":"/uncategorized","children":[]}],"language":{"en":"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-measure-body-fat/","x-default":"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-measure-body-fat/","current":"en"},"hideTabs":true,"tabs":[{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_1","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}}],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_1"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eIt can be frustrating to step on the scale and see no change.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile it’s natural to want objective feedback on your progress, body weight shouldn’t be your main focus.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome “overweight” people are healthy, while others with “normal weight” are unhealthy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, your body fat percentage tells you what your weight is comprised of.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecifically, it tells you the percent of your total body weight that is fat. The lower your body fat percentage, the higher percentage of \u003ca href=\"/nutrition/26-muscle-building-foods\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003elean muscle mass\u003c/a\u003e you have on your frame.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cfigure class=\"css-yhe8zq\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-mjp0j9\"\u003e\u003cpicture class=\"css-16pk1is\"\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 1190px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 990px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1845 879w\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"/\u003e\u003cimg src=\"//i0.wp.com/images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1155\u0026h=1528\" class=\"css-1lwg88w\"/\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-18moxll\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"icon-hl-pinterest css-1fquaub\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fnutrition%2Fways-to-measure-body-fat\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fimages-prod.healthline.com%2Fhlcmsresource%2Fimages%2FAN_images%2Fways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg\u0026description=The%2010%20Best%20Ways%20to%20Measure%20Your%20Body%20Fat%20Percentage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/ways-to-measure-body-fat-1296x728-feature.jpg\" data-event=\"|Sharebar more|Pinterest\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-8yl26h\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_2","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"1. Skinfold Calipers"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_2"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eSkinfold measurements have been used to estimate body fat for over 50 years (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13321517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkinfold calipers measure the thickness of your subcutaneous fat — the fat underneath the skin — at certain body locations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasurements are taken at either 3 or 7 different sites on the body. The specific sites used vary in men and women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor women, the triceps, area above the hip bone and either the thigh or abdomen are used for the 3-site measurement (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012036403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor a 7-site measurement in women, the chest, area near the armpit and area beneath the shoulder blade are also measured.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor men, the 3 sites are the chest, \u003ca href=\"/nutrition/20-tips-to-lose-belly-fat\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003eabdomen\u003c/a\u003e and thigh, or the chest, triceps and area beneath the scapula (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2012036403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor a 7-site measurement in men, the areas near the armpit and beneath the shoulder blade are also measured.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e Skinfold calipers are very affordable, and measurements can be taken quickly. They can be used at home but are also portable.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e The method requires practice and basic anatomy knowledge. Also, some people don’t enjoy getting their fat pinched.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e Calipers are affordable and easy to purchase online.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e The skill of the person performing the skinfolds can vary, impacting the accuracy. Measurement errors can range from 3.5–5% body fat (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is an example of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilkwxlt_TA8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e7-site skinfold assessment\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e Estimating body fat percentage with skinfold calipers is affordable and relatively simple once you know how to do it. However, the accuracy depends on the skill of the person performing the assessment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_3","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"2. Body Circumference Measurements"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_3"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eBody shape varies from person to person, and the shape of your body provides information about your body fat (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e4\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasuring the circumference of certain body parts is a simple method of body fat estimation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, the US Army uses a body fat calculation that simply requires an individual’s age, height and a few circumference measurements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor men, the circumferences of the neck and waist are used in this equation. For women, the circumference of the hips is also included (\u003ca href=\"https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/r2/policydocs/r600_9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e5\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e This method is easy and affordable. A flexible measuring tape and calculator are all you need. These tools can be used at home and are portable.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e Body circumference equations may not be accurate for all people due to differences in body shape and fat distribution.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e A flexible measuring tape is easily available and very affordable.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e The accuracy can vary widely based on your similarity to the people used to develop the equations. The error rate can be as low as 2.5–4.5% body fat, but it can also be much higher (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video\u003c/strong\u003e: Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/BZcgppBXBlU?t=18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e showing examples of girth measurements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e Using body circumferences to estimate body fat is quick and easy. However, the accuracy of this method can vary widely and is not considered an ideal method of measuring body fat percentage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_4","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"3. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_4"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eAs the name implies, DXA uses X-rays of two different energies to estimate your body fat percentage (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24090645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e6\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring a DXA scan, you lie on your back for approximately 10 minutes while an X-ray scans over you.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe amount of radiation from a DXA scan is very low. It’s about the same amount you receive during three hours of your normal life (\u003ca href=\"https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=safety-xray\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e7\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDXA is also used to assess bone density and provides detailed information about the bone, lean mass and fat in separate body regions (arms, legs and torso) (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e8\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e This method provides accurate and detailed information, including a breakdown of different body regions and bone density readings.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e DXAs are often unavailable to the general public, expensive when available and deliver a very small amount of radiation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e A DXA is typically only available in medical or research settings.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e A DXA provides more consistent results than some other methods. The error rate ranges from 2.5–3.5% body fat (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrpHNN6JypQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e showing how DXA works.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e DXA is more accurate than many other methods of assessing body fat percentage. However, it’s often unavailable to the general population, fairly expensive and not feasible for regular testing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_5","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"4. Hydrostatic Weighing"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_5"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eThis method, also known as underwater weighing or hydrodensitometry, estimates your body composition based on its density (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis technique weighs you while submerged under water after exhaling as much air as possible from your lungs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou are also weighed while you are on dry land, and the amount of air left in your lungs after you exhale is estimated or measured.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll of this information is entered into equations to determine the density of your body. Your body’s density is then used to predict your body fat percentage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s accurate and relatively quick.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s difficult or impossible for some individuals to be fully submerged under water. The method requires breathing out as much air as possible, then holding your breath underwater.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e Hydrostatic weighing is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e When testing is performed perfectly, the error of this device can be as low as 2% body fat (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2004026523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is an example of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPSEXhKBnQM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003ehow hydrostatic weighing is performed\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e Hydrostatic weighing is an accurate way to assess your body fat. However, it’s only available at certain facilities and involves holding your breath while being completely submerged in water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_6","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"5. Air Displacement Plethysmography (Bod Pod)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_6"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eSimilar to hydrostatic weighing, air displacement plethysmography (ADP) estimates your body fat percentage based on the density of your body (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, ADP uses air instead of water. The relationship between the volume and pressure of air allows this device to predict the density of your body (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e11\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou sit inside an egg-shaped chamber for several minutes while the pressure of the air inside the chamber is altered.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo obtain accurate measurements, you need to wear skin-tight clothing or a bathing suit during testing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e The method is accurate and relatively quick, and it does not require being submerged in water.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e ADP has limited availability and can be expensive.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e ADP is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e The accuracy is very good, with an error rate of 2–4% body fat (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video\u003c/strong\u003e: This \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJD7BsP6AIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e shows a Bod Pod assessment.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e The Bod Pod is the main ADP device currently used. It predicts your body fat with air rather than water. It has good accuracy, but it’s typically only available at certain medical, research or fitness facilities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_7","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"6. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_7"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eBIA devices detect how your body responds to small electrical currents. This is done by placing electrodes on your skin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome electrodes send currents into your body, while others receive the signal after it has passed through your body tissues.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElectrical currents move through muscle easier than fat due to the higher water content of muscle (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e12\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe BIA device automatically enters your body’s response to the electrical currents into an equation that predicts your \u003ca href=\"/nutrition/improve-body-composition\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003ebody composition\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are many different BIA devices that vary widely in cost, complexity and accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e BIA is quick and easy, and many devices can be purchased by consumers.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e The accuracy varies widely and can be greatly affected by food and fluid intake.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e While many units are available to consumers, these are often less accurate than the expensive devices used in medical or research settings.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e Accuracy varies, with an error rate that ranges from 3.8–5% body fat but may be higher or lower depending on the device used (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e13\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional videos:\u003c/strong\u003e Here are examples of inexpensive BIA devices with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=We69x9KAdm8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003ehand electrodes\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3bKd97sQIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003efoot electrodes\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEofxCIQ7gM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003ehand and foot electrodes\u003c/a\u003e. Here is an example of a more \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTGHXxEEbnY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003eadvanced BIA device\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e BIA devices work by sending small electrical currents through your body to see how easily they travel through your tissues. Many different devices are available, although advanced devices produce more accurate results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_8","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"7. Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_8"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eBIS is similar to BIA in that both methods measure the body’s response to small electrical currents. BIS and BIA devices look similar but use different technology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBIS uses a much larger number of electrical currents than BIA, in addition to high and low frequencies, to mathematically predict your amount of body fluid (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e14\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBIS also analyzes the information differently, and some researchers believe that BIS is more accurate than BIA (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e14\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e15\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, similar to BIA, BIS uses the body fluid information it gathers to predict your body composition based on equations (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e15\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe accuracy of both of these methods depends on how similar you are to the people for whom these equations were developed (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e12\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e BIS is quick and easy.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e Unlike BIA, consumer-grade BIS devices are not currently available.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e BIS is typically only available at universities, medical settings or certain fitness facilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e BIS is more accurate than consumer-grade BIA devices but has a similar error rate to more advanced BIA models (3–5% fat) (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258622\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e16\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/246287711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e that describes the differences between BIA and BIS.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e Similar to BIA, BIS measures your body’s response to small electrical currents. However, BIS uses more electrical currents and processes the information differently. It’s fairly accurate but mostly used in medical and research settings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_9","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"8. Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_9"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eElectrical impedance myography is a third method that measures your body’s response to small electrical currents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, while BIA and BIS send currents through your whole body, EIM sends currents through smaller regions of your body (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecently, this technology has been used in inexpensive devices that are available to consumers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese devices are placed on different parts of the body to estimate the body fat of those specific areas (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause this device is placed directly on specific body regions, it has some similarities to skinfold calipers, although the technologies are very different.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e EIM is relatively quick and easy.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e Very little information is available about the accuracy of these devices.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e Cheap devices are available to the general public.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e Limited information is available, although one study reported 2.5–3% error relative to DXA (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XALLpwKwWTI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e showing how to use an inexpensive, portable EIM device.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e EIM injects electrical currents into small body regions. Portable devices are placed directly on different body parts to estimate the body fat percentage at those locations. More research is needed to establish the accuracy of this method.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_10","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"9. 3-D Body Scanners"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_10"},"source":"\u003cp\u003e3D body scanners use infrared sensors to get a detailed look at the shape of your body (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e18\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sensors generate a 3-D model of your body.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some devices, you stand on a rotating platform for several minutes while the sensors detect your body shape. Other devices use sensors that rotate around your body.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scanner’s equations then estimate your body fat percentage based on your body shape (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552454\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e19\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this way, 3-D body scanners are similar to circumference measurements. However, a greater amount of information is provided by a 3-D scanner (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29288245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e20\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e A 3-D body scan is relatively quick and easy.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e 3-D body scanners are not commonly available but gaining popularity.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e Several consumer-grade devices are available, but they’re not as affordable as simple circumference-measurement methods like skinfold calipers.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e Limited information is available, but some 3-D scanners may be fairly accurate with errors of around 4% body fat (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e18\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstructional video:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asYqxE7hb0s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003evideo\u003c/a\u003e showing how a 3-D body scanner works.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e 3-D scanners are a relatively new method of assessing body fat percentage. The method uses information about your body shape to predict your body fat percentage. More information is needed about the accuracy of these methods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_11","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"10. Multi-Compartment Models (the Gold Standard)"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_11"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eMulti-compartment models are considered to be the most accurate method of body composition assessment (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2004026523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese models split the body into three or more parts. The most common assessments are called 3-compartment and 4-compartment models.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese models require multiple tests to get estimates of body mass, body volume, body water and bone content (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis information is obtained from some of the methods already discussed in this article.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, hydrostatic weighing or ADP can provide body volume, BIS or BIA can provide body water and DXA can measure bone content.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInformation from each of these methods is combined to build a more complete picture of the body and obtain the most accurate body fat percentage (\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e22\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul class=\"hl-long-line\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e This is the most accurate method available.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisadvantages:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s often unavailable to the general public and requires multiple different assessments. It’s more complex than most other methods.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability:\u003c/strong\u003e Multi-compartment modeling is typically only available in select medical and research facilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccuracy:\u003c/strong\u003e This is the best method in terms of accuracy. Error rates can be under 1% body fat. These models are the true “gold standard” that other methods should be compared to (\u003ca href=\"https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-5r4717\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cblockquote class=\"css-pc7ote\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e Multi-compartment models are very accurate and considered the “gold standard” for body fat assessment. However, they involve multiple tests and are not typically available to the general public.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"}]},{"id":"TOC_TITLE_HDR_12","isCollapsable":false,"header":[{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"name":""}},"Which Method Is Best for You?"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"className":"content_body","id":"TOC_TITLE_12"},"source":"\u003cp\u003eDeciding which method of assessing body fat percentage is best for you isn’t easy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere are several questions that may help you decide:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eWhat’s the purpose of assessing your body fat percentage?\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHow important is high accuracy?\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHow often do you want to test your body fat percentage?\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eDo you want a method you can perform at home?\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHow important is price?\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome methods, such as skinfold measurements, circumference calculations and portable BIA devices, are inexpensive and allow you to be measured in your own home as frequently as you like. The devices can also be purchased online easily, such as on Amazon.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEven though these methods don’t have the highest accuracy, they may be the best choice for you.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost of the methods with highest accuracies are not available to use in your own home. What’s more, when they are available at a testing facility, they may be expensive.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you want a more accurate assessment and are willing to pay for it, you could pursue a method with good accuracy like hydrostatic weighing, ADP or DXA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhichever method you use, it’s important to use the same method consistently.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor almost all methods, it’s best to perform your measurements in the morning after an overnight fast, after you go to the bathroom and before you eat anything or begin your daily activities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdeally, you should do the test before you have anything to drink, especially for methods that rely on electrical signals like BIA, BIS and EIM.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssessing yourself the same way each time will reduce error rates and make it easier to tell if you are making progress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, you should always interpret your results from any method with caution. Even the best methods are not perfect and only give you an estimate of your true body fat.\u003c/p\u003e"}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":false,"propsFor":{"articleResources":[],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":292,"name":{"display":"Grant Tinsley, PhD","first":"Grant","last":"Tinsley, Ph.D."},"link":"/authors/grant-tinsley-ph-d","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"163718","specialties":false,"guestTitle":"","avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/grant-tinsley.jpg"}}],"medicalReviewers":[],"factCheckedBy":"","articleDates":{"published":{"date":1524985200,"display":"April 29, 2018"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1524985200,"display":"April 29, 2018"},"modified":{"date":1525010400,"display":"April 29, 2018"}},"type":"authoritynutrition","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["The 14 Best Ways to Burn Fat Fast"],"text":["Whether you're looking to improve your health or lose weight, burning off extra fat can be hard. 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This article explains the actual amount, and what that means for weight loss."],"link":"/nutrition/calories-in-a-pound-of-fat","imageAlt":"How Many Calories Are in a Pound of Body Fat?","thumbnail":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AN253-Fork-Measuring-Tape-732x549-thumb-1-732x549.jpg","isNutrition":true,"authors":[{"id":323,"name":{"display":"Hrefna Palsdottir, MS","first":"Hrefna","last":"Pálsdóttir"},"userLogin":"hpalsdottir","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":""},"email":"hpalsdottir@example.com","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"126235","bio":{},"avatar":{"title":"","width":210,"height":210,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/hrefna-palsdottir.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Written by"},{"title":["How to Lose Weight Fast: 3 Simple Steps, Based on Science"],"text":["This simple 3-step plan can help you lose weight fast. 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We'll discuss averages, ratios, and why a waist circumference…"],"link":"/health/average-waist-size-for-women","imageAlt":"What Is the Average Waist Size for Women?","thumbnail":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Female_Group_RearView_732x549-thumbnail.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Daniel Bubnis, M.S., NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSS","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DanielBubnis.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":["fitness"]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":49,"name":{"display":"Kimberly Holland","first":"Kimberly","last":"Holland"},"userLogin":"kimholland","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/khollandcooks/?hl=en"},"link":"/authors/kimberly-holland","email":"kimberly.holland1025@gmail.com","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"159200","specialties":false,"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eKimberly is a freelance health, travel, and lifestyle writer and editor living in Birmingham, AL. She has previously written for Cooking Light, Eating Well, Coastal Living, Real Simple, Reader\u0026#8217;s Digest, and more. When she\u0026#8217;s not writing, you\u0026#8217;ll likely find her watching “Murder, She Wrote” and sorting her collection of books that she\u0026#8217;ll certainly one day find time to read, or planning her next vacation, preferably to an island, please.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/200x200_Kimberly_Holland.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"}]},"isReference":false,"isPremiumVideo":false,"schemaObj":{"@context":"https://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Healthline Media","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Healthline-Logo-Black.png"}},"@type":"MedicalWebPage","headline":"The 10 Best Ways to Measure Your Body Fat Percentage","description":"Focusing on body fat percentage instead of weight is much more useful to track fat loss progress. Here are the 10 best ways to measure your body fat percentage.","keywords":"","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Grant Tinsley, PhD"},"url":"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ways-to-measure-body-fat","datePublished":"2018-04-29T07:00:00Z","dateModified":"2018-04-29T07:00:00Z","articleSection":"Uncategorized","image":["https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ways-to-measure-body-fat-732x549-thumbnail-732x549.jpg"]},"hero":{},"whisperProps":{"text":"Nutrition","url":"/nutrition","badgeText":"Evidence Based","color":"cyan","hoverColor":"magenta","modalText":{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cdiv class=\"css-mcd4q2\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eEvidence Based\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis article is based on scientific evidence, written by \u003ca class=\"css-5r4717\" href=\"/nutrition-team\"\u003eexperts\u003c/a\u003e and fact checked by experts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and to present both sides of the argument.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis article contains scientific references. 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