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"description": "La Operación Orión en Medellín, las tomas guerrilleras de pueblos y los crímenes contra la naturaleza serán parte de las investigaciones que abrirá pronto la Sala de Reconocimiento de la Verdad. En cada macrocaso habrá un componente de violencia sexual.",
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}</script><div class="ImageArticle-Container "><div class="ImageArticle-ImageFrame"><picture><source class="ImageArticle-Image" srcSet="https://www.elespectador.com/resizer/dufsRr3rnZf6a9IO64wRRd31YZY=/393x261/filters:format(jpeg)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/elespectador/X6SVLLUNMJEVNDMOOPXTID2SIE.png" media="(max-width: 425px)"/><source class="ImageArticle-Image" srcSet="https://www.elespectador.com/resizer/wrOKqDcfGFA9aknrSTN5mpa8Rp8=/568x378/filters:format(jpeg)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/elespectador/X6SVLLUNMJEVNDMOOPXTID2SIE.png" media="(max-width: 600px)"/><source class="ImageArticle-Image" srcSet="https://www.elespectador.com/resizer/waum2Wa5FqZHTTwdx2wQQq8BV94=/968x645/filters:format(jpeg)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/elespectador/X6SVLLUNMJEVNDMOOPXTID2SIE.png" media="(max-width: 1199px)"/><source class="ImageArticle-Image" srcSet="https://www.elespectador.com/resizer/7DmMQ4IlpRH3P0T7MxCc2HW3A_M=/525x350/filters:format(jpeg)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/elespectador/X6SVLLUNMJEVNDMOOPXTID2SIE.png" media="(max-width: 1200px)"/><img class="ImageArticle-Image" src="https://www.elespectador.com/resizer/7DmMQ4IlpRH3P0T7MxCc2HW3A_M=/525x350/filters:format(jpeg)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/elespectador/X6SVLLUNMJEVNDMOOPXTID2SIE.png" alt="La Operación Orión en Medellín, las tomas guerrilleras de pueblos y los crímenes contra la naturaleza serán parte de las investigaciones que abrirá pronto la Sala de Reconocimiento de la Verdad. En cada macrocaso habrá un componente de violencia sexual."/></picture></div><div class="ImageArticle-ContainerText"><div class="ImageArticle-Description">La Operación Orión en Medellín, las tomas guerrilleras de pueblos y los crímenes contra la naturaleza serán parte de las investigaciones que abrirá pronto la Sala de Reconocimiento de la Verdad. En cada macrocaso habrá un componente de violencia sexual.</div><div class="ImageArticle-Author">Foto: JEP</div></div></div><div id="audimaWidget" style="margin-bottom:24px"></div><div><div class="piano-article-subs Article-Widget PianoContainer PianoContainer_imageFooter" id="pianoContainer"></div></div><p class="font--secondary">La Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) ya le ha dicho al país que durante el conflicto se cometieron al menos 6.402 falsos positivos, que la extinta guerrilla de las Farc reclutó al menos a 18.677 niños y niñas y que el exterminio del partido político Unión Patriótica dejó 5.733 víctimas. Son cifras que demuestran lo masivo del horror en la guerra y que son el paso inicial en esa justicia para comenzar a darles respuestas a las víctimas. El Espectador conoció tres documentos que consignan cálculos del mismo tipo sobre otro repertorio de crímenes, entre los que hay: tomas guerrilleras de pueblos, masacres a manos de paramilitares y asesinatos de líderes afros e indígenas.</p><p class="font--secondary">Este diario tuvo acceso a los borradores de los autos con los que la Sala de Reconocimiento de Verdad de la JEP abrirá los tres macrocasos que viene anunciando desde agosto de 2021. El macrocaso 08, por ejemplo, se centrará en crímenes cometidos por la Fuerza Pública u otros agentes del Estado en connivencia con grupos paramilitares. De ellos se estima que hubo 295.992 víctimas. El 09, en las violencias que sufrieron los pueblos étnicos, entre los que hay indígenas, afrodescendientes y rom, que cuentan 1’396.342 víctimas. Y en el macrocaso 10, se investigarán todas las conductas atribuidas a la exguerrilla de las Farc que no estén ya incluidas en otros casos.</p><p class="font--secondary"><b>Estado y paramilitares</b></p><p class="font--secondary">La incursión militar en la Comuna 13 de Medellín, en octubre de 2002, llamada Operación Orión y que generó el desplazamiento de cientos de familias, es uno de los ejemplos de patrones criminales que citó la JEP en el auto del nuevo caso 08. Según la Sala de Reconocimiento, los informes de víctimas dan cuenta de que la Fuerza Pública des
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